Horses are strong and capable animals—they’ve carried knights into battle, pulled wagons across vast lands, and plowed entire fields. There’s a limit, however, to how much weight they can safely and comfortably hold on their backs. Exactly how much weight can a horse carry? It’s a great question that doesn’t have a one-size-fits-all answer.
Let’s explore the science and common sense behind this topic.
The 20% Rule
Most equine experts agree on a general rule of thumb: A horse can comfortably carry about 20% of its body weight. This includes the rider and tack (saddle, bridle, etc.).
So, if a horse weighs 1,000 pounds, it should carry no more than 200 pounds total. That means if you weigh 180 pounds and your saddle weighs 25, you’re already approaching the upper limit.
This guideline is backed by science: In a 2008 study published in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, researchers found that horses carrying 15-20% of their body weight showed significantly less muscle soreness and tightness than those carrying 25% or more.
Not All Horses Are Built the Same
Just like people, horses come in all shapes, sizes, and fitness levels. That 20% rule is a helpful starting point, but several factors can raise (or lower) a horse’s carrying capacity.
Breed
Draft horses like Clydesdales and Shires can often carry more than 20% due to their muscular build. Arabians or Thoroughbreds, on the other hand, are built more for speed than heavy loads. Though small in stature, many Icelandic Horses can comfortably carry more than 20% of their body weight because of their compact conformation.
Conformation
A horse with a strong back and well-balanced frame is better suited for carrying weight than one with a long or dipped back. Researchers have found that physical traits such as thick cannon bones (the leg bone between the fetlock/ankle and the knee or hock), wide loins, and short back length correlate with a horse’s ability to carry more weight.
Conditioning
Just like a human athlete, a fit horse can handle more physical stress than an out-of-shape one. Well-muscled and conditioned horses typically have the topline and back strength to support more weight.
Age and Health
Older horses or those with joint or spine issues shouldn’t carry as much, even if they’re physically large. As your horse ages, keep up with strengthening and conditioning exercises to keep his back and topline strong enough for ridden work.
Saddle Fit and Rider Balance Matter
Even if you’re under the 20% weight mark, how you ride and how your tack fits play a big role. An ill-fitting saddle or an unbalanced rider can cause any horse pain, fatigue, or even injury. Make sure your saddle fits your horse’s back properly so it can distribute your weight evenly without causing muscle soreness.
A well-balanced rider who moves with the horse will distribute their weight more evenly and reduce strain. That’s why riding skill and posture aren’t just about aesthetics—they’re about horse welfare too.
Take-Home Message
Think of the 20% rule as a guideline, then consider your horse’s breed, build, health, and training. The most important thing? Pay attention to your horse. If he’s sweating excessively, stumbling, showing soreness, or reluctant to move or go forward, that’s a red flag.
Related Reading
- How to Treat and Prevent Muscle Soreness in Horses
- Is Your Horse’s Back Sore?
- Saddle Fitting 101: How and Why To Check Your Horse’s Tack
Are you enjoying this content? Sign up for My New Horse’s FREE newsletter to get the latest horse owner info and fun facts delivered straight to your inbox!
